Ethnicity and ethnic conflict in pakistan 53 azerbaijan and tajikistan etc. Conflict resolution is conceptualized as the methods and processes involved in facilitating the peaceful ending of conflict and retribution. Both of these rationalities are expressions of goaldirected behavior, but their conceptions of costs widely diverge. Routes towards settlement this article generalizes on the basis of a set of case studies of ethnic conflicts that have followed different routes towards. Superficially, the comprehensive peace agreement negotiated between the north and the south with much international coaxing and support appeared to be a groundbreaking attempt to solve a problem that had seemed intractable for decades. In developing country incidence were low and in the developing sever.
The evolution of conflict resolution maxwell school of. Scholars have been trying to develop a theoretical approach to ethnicity and ethnic conflict for a long time. Dec 31, 2015 however, no social breakdown happens for no reason. A paper prepared for the usaid conference on conflict resolution in the greater horn of africa. Above the cacophony of ethnic and antiregime agitations prevailed a semblance of order and overall stability.
By proposing a typology of armed conflict, the study seeks to achieve analytical clarity and contribute to conflict analysis. Ppt indigeneious conflict resolution mechanism in ethiopia. They conclude in large part based on the correlation between primary commodities and conflict that to understand the causes of contemporary civil. The indigenous conflict resolution institution among libidomarko ethnic group has two stages of conflict resolution involving the maaga and raaga. Pdf contemporary conflict resolution download full pdf.
Economic downturn further complicated the already tense situation. This institution is the model of conflict transformation which is hardly found in todays world. Drivers of ethnic conflict in contemporary ethiopia. However, based on scholarly arguments regarding the sources of ethnic conflicts, one may presume that this is a. The causes of ethnic conflict in multiethnic societies. It is these holding together federations, which often face ethnic conflict and in some cases violence and hence employ federalism as a tool of conflict resolution. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by.
Competing theories of ethnic conflict in the caucasus abstract. Maaga indigenous conflict resolution institution among. Furthermore, most of the literature agrees on the operationalization of ethnic conflict into a simple dichotomous variable. However, no social breakdown happens for no reason.
In this regard, the effectiveness depends also on participation of. The study that sought to compare the applications and practices of some of the shona conflict resolution approaches was conducted through an intensive desk analysis of archival material and scholarly literature. Instrumentalism is a theory that posits that politicians and the media play a paramount role in the formation of ethnic identity and rivalry. Rulers inculcate ethnic values into its citizens starting from birth. An ethnic conflict is a conflict between two or more contending ethnic groups. A large share of contemporary violence and disintegration in the world stems from ethnic conflicts both intrastate,such as within northern ireland and canada,or with an interstate link,as in the ethnic confrontations in afghanistan,cyprus,iraq.
While the source of the conflict may be political, social, economic or religious, the individuals in conflict must expressly fight for their ethnic groups position within society. But incidence of ethnic violence was different in varying country. Ethnic conflict, a form of conflict in which the objectives of at least one party are defined in ethnic terms, and the conflict, its antecedents, and possible solutions are perceived along ethnic lines. Ethnicity, ethnic conflict, peace education, social justice, sustainable development 1. Conflict over natural resources, competition to gain power, conflict to take revenge are some sources of conflict. Developing country management ethnic conflict by participation and justice policy that the equality is the best way for resolve this problem.
Finally, debates continued between ethnic and ethiopian nationalists on such fundamental issues as the history, identity and future destiny of the country. Instrumentalism is a theory that posits that politicians. This study is significant because it will contribute to the understanding of the real causes of the conflict in order to effectively find a durable solution. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent. For instance, according to cordell and stefan 2009. Due to this human beings have been trying to solve. Billy batware, ma peace and conflicts studies european peace university, austria 15.
Maaga indigenous conflict resolution institution among libido. Focus on the issue, not your position about the issue. Theoretical approaches to ethnicity and ethnic conflict. Uncertainty, each ethnic conflict has its own unique characteristics and, in different contexts, some of these elements will be more prominent than the others, but all of them are the common denominators necessary for ethnic conflict to occur. Committed group members attempt to resolve group conflicts by actively communicating information about their conflicting motives or ideologies to the rest of group e. Techniques of ethnic conflict resolution, such as that of negotiation, can work effectively only when they are governed by this metaprinciple. However, based on scholarly arguments regarding the sources of ethnic conflicts, one may presume that this is a misconception.
Both of these rationalities are expressions of goaldirected behavior, but their conceptions of costs. Nancy bermeo 2002 writes of the peace preserving characteristics of federalism, underlining that it isolates conflicts, peacefully accommodates minority groups and. The twodecade long conflict in somalia can be explained by instrumentalism. Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms have preexisting values and rules, forgiving one another. This book will be of great interest to students of conflict resolution, peace and conflict studies, ethnic conflict and international relations in general. This study presents a conceptual framework for understanding the conflict in one of the most dangerous regions of the world the caucasus.
I accept that negotiation with the ethnic groups involved in the conflict is the most important technique. I accept that negotiation with the ethnic groups involved in the conflict is. That ethnic conflict is now a pervasive and salient dimension of political and social conflict in several countries in the world seems obvious enough. The conflict is usually not about ethnic differences themselves but over political, economic, social, cultural, or territorial matters. This study presents a conceptual framework for understanding the conflict in one of the most dangerous regions of the world the. Instrumental rationality entails a strict costbenefit calculus with respect to goals, necessi. Traditional conflict resolution mechanisms and institutions. Conflict is natural, it is in inevitable and in alienable from human beings. By lowering the cost of enforcing membership in the winning group, ethnic diversity makes the latter less susceptible to expost inltration by members of the losing one. Communicate your feelings assertively, not aggressively. Since the process is geared toward the future, opportunities are provided for remorse. Conflict management and resolution conflict management and resolution provides students with an overview of the main.
Articles nationalism, ethnic conflict, and rationality of value rationality and instrumental rationality. Traditional leaders play a vital role in local and grassroots communities in relation to socioeconomic development and the administration of justice in the modern political system. Uncovering the mechanisms macartan humphreys1 march 2005 1 macartan. Traditional mechanisms of conflict resolution in ethiopia. Our model applies equally well to groups that form based on the geographical base of their. This brings me to the question of techniques and principles of ethnic conflict resolution.
Oliver ramsbotham is emeritus professor of conflict. Horowitz decades after the recognition that ethnicity is a powerful force in the politics of many countries, with profound effects on prospects for democracy. This is despite recurrent scepticism about its desirability and appropriateness in a globalising world. The two stages of conflict resolution are highly interconnected and refer cases from one setting to another. A large share of contemporary violence and disintegration in the world stems from ethnic conflicts both intrastate,such as within northern ireland. Major features of indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms. Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms urge parties to abandon their old feuds and live amicably. This acknowledgment of the role of civil society is further endorsed in security council resolution 662001, which states. Ethnic conflict and sustainable development in nigeria.
The model we use the notation h and m to denote two ethnic or religious af. Indigenous conflict resolution mechanisms urge parties to abandon their old feuds and live amicably in tolerance mwagira, 1999. Structure and strategy in ethnic conflict donald l. Existence of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms such as negotiation, reconciliation, mediation and others is evidence that these concepts are not new in africa. The study that sought to compare the applications and practices of some of the shona conflict resolution approaches was conducted through an intensive desk analysis of archival material. Cultural processes of conflict resolution in ghana traditional conflict resolution is a structured political, judicial and arbitration mechanism. In this regard, the effectiveness depends also on participation of the state in interethnic conflict resolution, particularly by means of policies of identity recognition. Therefore, using this indigenous institution for future policy formulation in the country as interethnic peace building and conflict resolution model is important for the realization of sustainable peace and development. Natural resources, conflict, and conflict resolution. Literature on conflict resolution clearly supports this assumption burton, 1987, kimmel, 1994, rubin. It sought to juxtapose the employment of a selected approaches used in selected shona subgroups in conflict resolution. Therefore, using this indigenous institution for future policy formulation in the country as interethnic peace.
1165 371 1279 1623 485 876 461 1094 328 323 875 718 568 1135 531 1057 184 1496 1510 1563 694 537 23 813 1356 1212 1303 531 429 20 1303 1015 1415 689 942 1037